noun

• A piece of waste material removed from card or tape by punching.

proper noun

• A landlocked country in northern central Africa; population 14,000,000 (estimated 2015); official languages, French and Arabic; capital, N'Djamena.

Much of the country lies in the Sahel and, in the north, the Sahara Desert. A French colony from 1913, Chad became autonomous within the French Community in 1958, and fully independent as a republic in 1960