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Transformation into a peasant society, or peasant economy; the process or result of becoming peasant in nature.
1920s. Either from peasantize + -ation, or from peasant + -ization, perhaps after Russian okrest′janivanie from o-, prefix forming verbs and nouns denoting process or completion + krest′jan-, stem of krest′janin peasant + -ivanie, suffix forming nouns denoting process.