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A severe, febrile haemolytic anaemia caused by acute infection with Bartonella bacilliformis, a bacterium endemic to Peru and Ecuador which is transmitted by sandflies and also causes chronic warty skin lesions (verruga peruana). Also called Carrion's disease.
Late 19th century; earliest use found in Thomas Joseph Hutchinson (1820–1885). From the name of LaOroya, a town in central Peru + fever.